compare and contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells Difference between plant and animal cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is a significant event in the cell cycle that marks the end of cell division. It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes and organelles. Cytokinesis follows the separation of the replicated genetic material (DNA) during mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis is different in plant and animal cells, although both involve the formation of a contractile ring that constricts the cell membrane and eventually separates the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring consists of actin and myosin filaments that generate tension as they slide past each other, forming a cleavage furrow. In contrast, plant cells build a cell plate that fuses with the pre-existing cell wall to form a new cell wall that divides the cytoplasm. The significance of cytokinesis in the cell cycle cannot be overemphasized. Without cytokinesis, the cell would continuously accumulate genetic material, leading to larger and larger cells that may not perform their functions correctly. Additionally, cytokinesis is critical in the formation of multicellular organisms, as it enables one fertilized egg to give rise to a complex organism comprising distinct cell types. In animal cells, cytokinesis begins in prophase as the microtubules of the mitotic spindle pull the duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. During the following stages of prometaphase and metaphase, the spindle fibers continue to organize the chromosomes along the equator of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate, and the cleavage furrow begins to form. The cleavage furrow deepens during telophase, and cytokinesis is complete by the end of mitosis. In contrast, cytokinesis in plant cells begins in telophase as vesicles from the Golgi apparatus transport cell wall materials to the equator of the dividing cell. The vesicles fuse to form a cell plate that separates the two daughter cells. The cell plate gradually enlarges as new vesicles are added, eventually fusing with the pre-existing cell wall to form a new cell wall. In conclusion, cytokinesis is a crucial event in the cell cycle that marks the end of cell division and the formation of two daughter cells. Although cytokinesis is similar in both plant and animal cells, there are significant differences in the mechanism of constriction and the formation of new cell walls. Understanding cytokinesis is essential in the study of cell biology and the development of new therapies for diseases caused by abnormal cell division.

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